Excretion is the ability for the body to be able to remove product waste from cells in the body, the human body also has five different way of excreting unwanted waste product. These include the skin, lungs, liver, gut and the kidney. The skins is used to excrete sweat which is a solution of water, ions and urea, the lungs excrete carbon dioxide and water through the process of respiration. The liver is used as an excretion source for bile, which contains mineral ions, bile pigments and cholesterol, the gut excretes mucus cells, water and bile waste. Last but not the least the kidney is used to excrete urine, which is a solution of urea, mineral ions, water, and other unwanted chemicals in the body. The human body is
unable to store protein the same way it stored up fat and carbohydrates, therefore the body is unable to store excess amino acids. The body is highly concerned with getting rid of nitrogenous wastes in the urea, and with the use of the carbon skeleton of amino acids it aids in respiration, but the nitrogenous amino acids are excreted from the body.
Behavioral and physiological responses
Humans regulate their body temperature with both physiolgical and behavioural responses. This is a form of homeostasis that does not envolve the hypothalamus sending signals for the body to internally keep the set point at a constant. Humans prevent heat loss for eexample by putting on more clothes or by taking the clothes off to keep the body cool.
Behavioral responses
Behavioural responses include the responses undertaken by individuals, as a form of external homeostasis to keep their body at a constant temperature. These include turning on applainces like the aircon or fan when it is hot to keep the external temperature cool. Or in fact turning on the heater during the cold weather to keep the external temperature warm, therefore reducing the amount of work the internal body is required to do in order to remain at the ser point.
Behavioural responses are therefore everyday response, some of these responses are carried out without notice as it has become sub-consious.
Physiological responses
There are two major physiological mechanisms in the human body, this include the nervous system which is an integration of sensory and motor systems in a organism, and hormones which are endocrine systems that affect sensitive tissues at various parts of the body. Hormones are used to trigger actions taken by the body, allowing the body respond to a particular change in the environmental situation in a certain way. The body uses specific responses to defend itself from diseases so that if the disease is to attach the body in future, there would be mechanisms in place to fight against the attaching disease. Pathogens are unwanted bacteria as the attach the body, the human body has a few different responses to different pathogens be it specific or nonspecific responses. The nonspecific responses are used to kill any form of bacteria that invades the human body, on the other hand, specific defenses include defenses that are specifically setup to destroy certain pathogens that invade the human body.
Nonspecific responses as mentioned before are set up to kill all intruding pathogens, these responses include sweat, saliva and many more. In the human body there are two types of specific responses, these include the humoral response and the cell mediated responses. The humoral response is located in the human blood which is carried out by B cells which create antibodies that are able to mark antigens destructions of pathogens that attach the body. Antigens are toxins that are able to induce responses in the immune system of the human body. They are used
as stimulants to the body’s immune system which further allow the body to fight against intruding pathogens. The antibodies are the proteins in the human body that are bale to recognize the specific different antigens, this marks the antigen that is to be destroyed. It is with the help of these antigens and antibodies that the body is unable to contract diseases like chicken pox twice in the life time of the individual.
The cell mediated response are used to target infected cells in the body and fight against the viruses in these cells to keep the body free from invading pathogens. The body uses the Cytotoxic T cell which is a type of white blood cell to kill of all the cells that have been infected by a virus in the body.
unable to store protein the same way it stored up fat and carbohydrates, therefore the body is unable to store excess amino acids. The body is highly concerned with getting rid of nitrogenous wastes in the urea, and with the use of the carbon skeleton of amino acids it aids in respiration, but the nitrogenous amino acids are excreted from the body.
Behavioral and physiological responses
Humans regulate their body temperature with both physiolgical and behavioural responses. This is a form of homeostasis that does not envolve the hypothalamus sending signals for the body to internally keep the set point at a constant. Humans prevent heat loss for eexample by putting on more clothes or by taking the clothes off to keep the body cool.
Behavioral responses
Behavioural responses include the responses undertaken by individuals, as a form of external homeostasis to keep their body at a constant temperature. These include turning on applainces like the aircon or fan when it is hot to keep the external temperature cool. Or in fact turning on the heater during the cold weather to keep the external temperature warm, therefore reducing the amount of work the internal body is required to do in order to remain at the ser point.
Behavioural responses are therefore everyday response, some of these responses are carried out without notice as it has become sub-consious.
Physiological responses
There are two major physiological mechanisms in the human body, this include the nervous system which is an integration of sensory and motor systems in a organism, and hormones which are endocrine systems that affect sensitive tissues at various parts of the body. Hormones are used to trigger actions taken by the body, allowing the body respond to a particular change in the environmental situation in a certain way. The body uses specific responses to defend itself from diseases so that if the disease is to attach the body in future, there would be mechanisms in place to fight against the attaching disease. Pathogens are unwanted bacteria as the attach the body, the human body has a few different responses to different pathogens be it specific or nonspecific responses. The nonspecific responses are used to kill any form of bacteria that invades the human body, on the other hand, specific defenses include defenses that are specifically setup to destroy certain pathogens that invade the human body.
Nonspecific responses as mentioned before are set up to kill all intruding pathogens, these responses include sweat, saliva and many more. In the human body there are two types of specific responses, these include the humoral response and the cell mediated responses. The humoral response is located in the human blood which is carried out by B cells which create antibodies that are able to mark antigens destructions of pathogens that attach the body. Antigens are toxins that are able to induce responses in the immune system of the human body. They are used
as stimulants to the body’s immune system which further allow the body to fight against intruding pathogens. The antibodies are the proteins in the human body that are bale to recognize the specific different antigens, this marks the antigen that is to be destroyed. It is with the help of these antigens and antibodies that the body is unable to contract diseases like chicken pox twice in the life time of the individual.
The cell mediated response are used to target infected cells in the body and fight against the viruses in these cells to keep the body free from invading pathogens. The body uses the Cytotoxic T cell which is a type of white blood cell to kill of all the cells that have been infected by a virus in the body.