Blood pressure in general
The systolic number measure is the messure of the pressure of the ateries when the muscle contacts, while the diastolic number meausres the pressure of the
atteries when the heart muscte relaxes between beats as it refills with blood. The blood pressure is therefore the dystoluc number over the diastolic number.
Analysis for lap run and runs in general
The distance run by the The three subjects where kept at a constant, the few variables that were not kept at a constant was the speed at which each subject ran and the time it tooke the subjects to run the 400m oval. With that in mind the body temperature, pulse and blood pressure of each subject beforew and after is able to show homeostasis ussuring in the body to keep the body at the target set point. The normal body temperature for humans is said to be at about
37°C looking at the before temperature it is noticed that the three subject where at aroiund the same range as the normal temperature, taking into account that It was asunhy day, therefore homeostasis was already taking place to keep the body at a stable temperature. Subject one begins with a body temperature of about 36.8°C, a pulse of 112bpm and a blood pressure of 110/77. After a 1.19mins run of a 400m oval at a speed of 5.06m/s it
is seen that the body temoperature is reduced by about 1°C, thisshows how the body uses the negative feedback loop to keep the body temoerature at a regulated set point. The normal pulse rate for an adult is about 60-100bpm, it is noticed that after the 400m run the pulse of subject one is increased this shows that the heart is working harder in order to get suffiecnet amounts of blood to parts of the body. Looking at both the before andafter results for only subject 1 it can be concluded that as the subject runs the lap the body would become hotter as the
muscles are doing more work, therefore homeostasis begins to take place in order to keep the body as cool as possible. Comparing all three subjects it is notices that across the range the body temepratures are reduced, therefore the subject would be abit sweaty from the run, and would be gasping for air. This is where both physiological and behavioural responses are at work. The physiological responses being the sweat produced by the body so as to enhance evapouration and keep the internal environment as cool as possible and the panting for is consisdred a behavioural response carried out by the body to maintain a constant internal temperature. It is also noticeable that the pulses of all three subjects is increased, meaning that the heart is infact working at a faster rate to supply blood to all the parts of the body, expecially the
muscles that are working during the lap run. Looking at the blood pressure of each subject an increase is shown,this matches up with the increase of beats per second of the blood, meaning that the blood is working faster and therefore the blood pressure of each subject is increased in order to get enough blood supplied to the body.
atteries when the heart muscte relaxes between beats as it refills with blood. The blood pressure is therefore the dystoluc number over the diastolic number.
Analysis for lap run and runs in general
The distance run by the The three subjects where kept at a constant, the few variables that were not kept at a constant was the speed at which each subject ran and the time it tooke the subjects to run the 400m oval. With that in mind the body temperature, pulse and blood pressure of each subject beforew and after is able to show homeostasis ussuring in the body to keep the body at the target set point. The normal body temperature for humans is said to be at about
37°C looking at the before temperature it is noticed that the three subject where at aroiund the same range as the normal temperature, taking into account that It was asunhy day, therefore homeostasis was already taking place to keep the body at a stable temperature. Subject one begins with a body temperature of about 36.8°C, a pulse of 112bpm and a blood pressure of 110/77. After a 1.19mins run of a 400m oval at a speed of 5.06m/s it
is seen that the body temoperature is reduced by about 1°C, thisshows how the body uses the negative feedback loop to keep the body temoerature at a regulated set point. The normal pulse rate for an adult is about 60-100bpm, it is noticed that after the 400m run the pulse of subject one is increased this shows that the heart is working harder in order to get suffiecnet amounts of blood to parts of the body. Looking at both the before andafter results for only subject 1 it can be concluded that as the subject runs the lap the body would become hotter as the
muscles are doing more work, therefore homeostasis begins to take place in order to keep the body as cool as possible. Comparing all three subjects it is notices that across the range the body temepratures are reduced, therefore the subject would be abit sweaty from the run, and would be gasping for air. This is where both physiological and behavioural responses are at work. The physiological responses being the sweat produced by the body so as to enhance evapouration and keep the internal environment as cool as possible and the panting for is consisdred a behavioural response carried out by the body to maintain a constant internal temperature. It is also noticeable that the pulses of all three subjects is increased, meaning that the heart is infact working at a faster rate to supply blood to all the parts of the body, expecially the
muscles that are working during the lap run. Looking at the blood pressure of each subject an increase is shown,this matches up with the increase of beats per second of the blood, meaning that the blood is working faster and therefore the blood pressure of each subject is increased in order to get enough blood supplied to the body.
Analysis (including percentages)
Lap of the oval
Looking at the before and after of the body temoertaure of each subject as mentioned before an obvious drop (1.4%-2.4%) in the temperature of each participant can be
noticed by the marked point on the graph. Subject 1 and 2 lost about 2% the number in their temperature; subject three however has a less change (1.4%) in the temperature. There could be different reasons behind the difference in the drop of temoerature between the three participants. Reasons for this variation could be because of the varied speeds the subjects ran the lap of the oval. This is noticed in the different times that the subjects took to run the lap.
Homeostasis works in the body to keep a constant temperature, and explained by the paragraph on thermoregulation, the hypothalamus is triggered as there is a temperature change as the muscles of each subject work to run the lap. The receptors are then signaled and the body would begin to sweat in order to maintain a constant temperature. This is notced as each subject becomes cooler after the run, thater than hotter. This shows how homeostasis works, as the body sweats, evapouration occurs on the skin leaving the internal temperature lower than before the run. As the temperature cools, the negative feedback system would then come into place as it tries to regain the set point at which the temperature should be at.
noticed by the marked point on the graph. Subject 1 and 2 lost about 2% the number in their temperature; subject three however has a less change (1.4%) in the temperature. There could be different reasons behind the difference in the drop of temoerature between the three participants. Reasons for this variation could be because of the varied speeds the subjects ran the lap of the oval. This is noticed in the different times that the subjects took to run the lap.
Homeostasis works in the body to keep a constant temperature, and explained by the paragraph on thermoregulation, the hypothalamus is triggered as there is a temperature change as the muscles of each subject work to run the lap. The receptors are then signaled and the body would begin to sweat in order to maintain a constant temperature. This is notced as each subject becomes cooler after the run, thater than hotter. This shows how homeostasis works, as the body sweats, evapouration occurs on the skin leaving the internal temperature lower than before the run. As the temperature cools, the negative feedback system would then come into place as it tries to regain the set point at which the temperature should be at.
Lap of the oval
As explained earlier as the subjects increase the work carried out by each muscle, the heart works faster in order to send the right amount od blood to parts of the body. This would therefore mean that the heart would beat faster as it pumps the blood. Apart from subject two it is noticed that the participants have a significant increase in the rate at which the heart pumps blood to parts of the
body. During mosts of the testing however, there blood pressure machine came up with an error reading therefore meaning that the test had to be taken a couple of times. Subject 2 in this case had come with an error in the first reading and by the time the second test was recorded, the subject had calmed down and was relaxed, as the heart was not in need to pump more blood to parts of the body.
body. During mosts of the testing however, there blood pressure machine came up with an error reading therefore meaning that the test had to be taken a couple of times. Subject 2 in this case had come with an error in the first reading and by the time the second test was recorded, the subject had calmed down and was relaxed, as the heart was not in need to pump more blood to parts of the body.
Lap of the oval
This graph shows increase (9%-23%) in blood pressure (systolic) as after the run of the oval. For all three participants the systolic which show the pressure of the blood in the ateries when the muscle contract, it is shown that as the muscles in the body contract
and relax. As the body is put through the distance of the oval, the muscles are subjected to take part in more work than usual, requiring more energy, this causes heat to build up in the body and therefore forthure allows homeostasis to occur when the hypothalamus is signaled to keep the body cool. The increase in the muscles moving require more blood than usual, meaning that the heart works faster and harder so as to avoid loss of sufficient blood amounts around the body. There seems to be an abnormal percentage of change in the diastolic pressur before and after. This means that there was no patern in the changes between the three subjects. Subjects 1 and 2 seem to have very slighly decreased or increased in the diastolic pressure, meaning that the pressure of the blood in the ateries when the heart contracts remains unchanged. Rather there is a fairly constant pressure.
and relax. As the body is put through the distance of the oval, the muscles are subjected to take part in more work than usual, requiring more energy, this causes heat to build up in the body and therefore forthure allows homeostasis to occur when the hypothalamus is signaled to keep the body cool. The increase in the muscles moving require more blood than usual, meaning that the heart works faster and harder so as to avoid loss of sufficient blood amounts around the body. There seems to be an abnormal percentage of change in the diastolic pressur before and after. This means that there was no patern in the changes between the three subjects. Subjects 1 and 2 seem to have very slighly decreased or increased in the diastolic pressure, meaning that the pressure of the blood in the ateries when the heart contracts remains unchanged. Rather there is a fairly constant pressure.
Similarly for the sprints where more energy is required the higher percentage differences are recognised. Apart from the anomali noticed in subject 1 the other two subject seemingly increased in their body temperaures further implaing the increase of heat as energy is used up. The pulse pressure for eachof the three subjects in the sprint pulse graph shows a steady increase in each subjects pulse, meaning that after the run all thre participant had an increased heart rate. The conssitency in the graph supports the evidence that the three participants have ended a sprint. It is also noticed that as comapred to the lap run the increase in the pulse for the sprint far outways that of the oval run, this is because the sprint is a fast paced run and all musles are instantaneously but to work at one time. This means that that the heart works harder to pump blood to the muscles at a steady rate, therefore increasing the beats of the heart per minute. The systolic pressur eis dropped because of the amount of blood in the parts of the body that where used during the sprint, additionall the blood vesseles in the bodybecoem wider after the sprint to allow for blood to flow greately through the body. This enhances the drop in both the systolic and diastolic pressure.
Looking at the temperature graph for the red bull energy dring, it is noticeable that most of the trend in the date lies between the 1% ratio range of the graph. Therefore there is a consistency in the temperatuire of each individual. This would mean that the energy drink did not in fact affect the body temeorature of each susbject as much. How ever there is an anomali in the graph, which was decided to be an error as in communication from either the degital thermometer or a human error.
Looking at the pulse graph it can be seen that Subject 1 pulse generally increases with time while subject 3 pulse generally decreases
with time. Subject 2 on the other hand has a fairly constant pulse pressure which lies in the 1% ratio range, showing very minimal change over time in the rate at which the pulse changes.
As these three individuals where different, theier reactions where hypothesised to be different as well as each person would react to the energy drink differently. Subject 1 seems to increae over time, so therefore as the effect of the red bull disolves into blood system of the body it causes an increase in the rate at which the heart beats.
For the systolic pressure it is noticed that Subject 3 had 48.4% increase in systolic after 60 minutes, while subject 1 and 2 had a corresponding increase of 9.3% and 14.2% respectively.
Looking at all the graphs and the homeostasis it can be compared with a study carried out by a clinic, in the graphs shown over time as the energy drink is absorbed into the body system, there is a visible increase in both the systolic and diastolic pressure of the blood in the arteries. The clinic put forward that the caffeine in the energy drinks might block a hormone that is used to keep the arteries open and in turn might cause an adrenaline relaese in the body theat raises the blood pressure.
Even though doctors have not found a reason for the increase in blood pressure it is well evident that overtime expecially from 45 to the 60 minutes benchmark, it is noticeable that the blood pressures begin to reduce again or the rate of increase is reduced, this shows homeostasis at work, as it tries to take the blood pressure back to its set point. The set point in this testing where assumed to be the original starting pressures for each subject.
Between graphs 2 to 4 subject 3 is shown is shown to be absolutely opposite to the other thwo participant. Because subject 3 had never taken any energy drink before, the reaction that is seen from the graphs show how the body reacts to new substances in the body. As the blood pressure is increased, there is an impeding flow in the amount of blood in the body, therefore decreasing the pulse, and the rate at which the heart beats.
It is also realised the for both the diastolic and systolic pressures there is a constant increase over time as the energy drink is disolved into the body. Apart from subject three there is only a slight increase in the blood pressure as the heart muscle contacts and relaxes.
Looking at the pulse graph it can be seen that Subject 1 pulse generally increases with time while subject 3 pulse generally decreases
with time. Subject 2 on the other hand has a fairly constant pulse pressure which lies in the 1% ratio range, showing very minimal change over time in the rate at which the pulse changes.
As these three individuals where different, theier reactions where hypothesised to be different as well as each person would react to the energy drink differently. Subject 1 seems to increae over time, so therefore as the effect of the red bull disolves into blood system of the body it causes an increase in the rate at which the heart beats.
For the systolic pressure it is noticed that Subject 3 had 48.4% increase in systolic after 60 minutes, while subject 1 and 2 had a corresponding increase of 9.3% and 14.2% respectively.
Looking at all the graphs and the homeostasis it can be compared with a study carried out by a clinic, in the graphs shown over time as the energy drink is absorbed into the body system, there is a visible increase in both the systolic and diastolic pressure of the blood in the arteries. The clinic put forward that the caffeine in the energy drinks might block a hormone that is used to keep the arteries open and in turn might cause an adrenaline relaese in the body theat raises the blood pressure.
Even though doctors have not found a reason for the increase in blood pressure it is well evident that overtime expecially from 45 to the 60 minutes benchmark, it is noticeable that the blood pressures begin to reduce again or the rate of increase is reduced, this shows homeostasis at work, as it tries to take the blood pressure back to its set point. The set point in this testing where assumed to be the original starting pressures for each subject.
Between graphs 2 to 4 subject 3 is shown is shown to be absolutely opposite to the other thwo participant. Because subject 3 had never taken any energy drink before, the reaction that is seen from the graphs show how the body reacts to new substances in the body. As the blood pressure is increased, there is an impeding flow in the amount of blood in the body, therefore decreasing the pulse, and the rate at which the heart beats.
It is also realised the for both the diastolic and systolic pressures there is a constant increase over time as the energy drink is disolved into the body. Apart from subject three there is only a slight increase in the blood pressure as the heart muscle contacts and relaxes.